There is a whole class of new database development that refines the classic Relational database models. Think NoSQL and NewSQL. Here is a paper by Daniel Abadi who is responsible for some of the better NoSQL implementations and has influenced the NewSQL directions. This is a greater starter reference on what is currently happening in database development –If all these new DBMS technologies are so scalable, why are Oracle and DB2 still on top of the TPC-C Benchmarks?